Indian Constitution Amendment Act List

THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) ACTS

INCLUDING STATEMENT OF OBJECTS & REASONS (SOR)

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1.	The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 18-6-1951 (Date of Assent)
2.	The Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1952. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 1-5-1953 (Date of Assent).
3.	The Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1954. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 22-2-1955 (Date of Assent).
4.	The Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 27-4-1955 (Date of Assent).
5.	The Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1955. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 24-12-1955 (Date of Assent).
6.	The Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1956. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 11-9-1956 (Date of Assent).
7.	The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956. Date  on  which the Act came
	into force:  1-11-1956 (as per s. 1(2) of the Act).
8.	The Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1959. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 5-1-1960 (Date of Assent).
9.	The Constitution (Ninth Amendment) Act, 1960. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 28-12-1960 (Date of Assent).
10.	The Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act, 1961. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 11-8-1961 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).
11.	The Constitution (Eleventh Amendment) Act, 1961. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 19-12-1961 (Date of   Assent).
12.	The Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1962. Date on which the Act came
	into force:   20-12-1961 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).
13.	The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1962. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 1-12-1963 [GSR 1734, dated 30-10-1963].
14.	The Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment) Act, 1962 Date on which the Act came
	into force: 28-12-1962 (Date of Assent).
15.	The Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) Act, 1963. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 5-10-1963 (Date of Assent).
16.	The Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 5-10-1963 (Date of Assent).
17.	The Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 20-6-1964 (Date of Assent).
18.	The Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 1966. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 27-8-1966 (Date of Assent).
19.	The Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 1966. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 11-12-1966 (Date of Assent).
20.	The Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 1966. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 22-12-1966 (Date of Assent).
21.	The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 10-4-1967 (Date of Assent).
22.	The Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 1969. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 25-9-1969 (Date of Assent).
23.	The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969 Date on which the Act came
	into force: 23-1-1970 (Date of Assent).
24.	The Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1971 Date on which the Act
	came into force: 5-11-1971 (Date of Assent).
25.	The Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971. Date on which the Act
	came into force:   20-4-1972 (Date of Assent).
26.	The Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 28-12-1971 (Date of Assent).
27.	The Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1971. Date on which the Act
	came into force:--
	(i) Ss. 1 and 3.....30-12-1971 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).
	(ii) Ss. 2, 4 and 5   15-2-1972   [GSR 73(E), dated 14-2-1972].
28.	The Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 29-8-1972 [GSR 391(E), dated 29-8-1972].
29.	The Constitution (Twenty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1972. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 9-6-1972 (Date of Assent).
30.	The Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972.   Date on which the Act came
	into force:  27-2-1973 [GSR 73(E), dated 27-2-1973].
31.	The Constitution (Thirty-first Amendment) Act, 1973. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 17-10-1973 (Date of Assent).
32.	The Constitution (Thirty-second Amendment) Act, 1973. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 1-7-1974   [GSR 297(E), dated 1-7-1974].
33.	The Constitution (Thirty-third Amendment) Act, 1974. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 19-5-1974 (Date of Assent).
34.	The Constitution (Thirty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1974. Date on which the  Act
	came into force: 7-9-1974 (Date of Assent).
35.	The Constitution (Thirty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1974. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 1-3-1975   [GSR 61(E), dated 28-2-1975].
36.	The Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 26-4-1975 (As per s. 1 (2)- i.e.   date on which the Bill "as passed by
	the House of  People is passed by the Council of States").
37.	The Constitution (Thirty-seventh) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 3-5-1975 (Date of Assent).
38.	The Constitution (Thirty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 1-8-1975 (Date of Assent).
39.	The Constitution (Thirty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 10-8-1975 (Date of   Assent).
40.	The Constitution (Fortieth Amendment) Act, 1976. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 27-5-1976 (Date of Assent).
41.	The Constitution (Forty-first Amendment) Act, 1976. Date on which the Act  came
	into force: 7-9-1976 (Date of   Assent).
42.	The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976. Date on which the Act came into force:--
	(i) Sections 2 to 5, 7 to 17, 20, 28, 29, 30, 33, 36, 43 to 53, 55, 56, 57 and  59.   3-1-1977
	(ii) Sections 6, 23 to 26, 37 to 42, 54  and 58.  1-2-1977
	(iii) Section 27   1-4-1977
	[GSR 2(E), dated 3-1-1977].
43.	The Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act, 1977. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 13-4-1978 (Date of Assent).
44.	The Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978. Date on which the Act came into force:--
	(i) Sections 2, 4 to 16, 22, 23, 25 to 29, 31 to 42, 44 and 45 20-6-1979  [GSR 383(E), dated 19-6-1979].
	(ii) Sections 17 to 21 and 30  1-8-1979  [GSR 383(E), dated 19-6-1979].
	(iii) Sections 24 and 43    6-9-1979  [GSR 529(E), dated 5-9-1979].
45.	The Constitution (Forty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1980. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 25-1-1980  (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).
46.	The Constitution (Forty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1982. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 2-2-1983 (Date of Assent).
47.	The Constitution (Forty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 26-8-1984 (Date of Assent).
48.	The Constitution (Forty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came
	came   into force:  1-4-1985 (S.O.  184(E), dated 11-3-1985).
49.	The Constitution (Forty-ninth Amendment)Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into force: 11-09-1984.
50.	The Constitution (Fiftieth Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 11-9-1984 (Date of   Assent).
51.	The Constitution (Fifty-first Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came
	into force:   16-6-1986 [GSR 871(E), dated 16-6-1986].
52.	The Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 1-3-1985 [GSR 131(E), dated 1-3-1985].
53.	The Constitution (Fifty-third Amendment) Act, 1986. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 20-2-1987  (S.O. 71 (E), dated 11-2-1987).
54.	The Constitution (Fifty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1986. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 1-4-1986   (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).
55.	The Constitution (Fifty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1986. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 20-2-1987 (S.O.  73(E), dated 11-2-1987).
56.	The Constitution (Fifty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1987. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 30-5-1987 (S.O.  517(E), dated 26-5-1987).
57.	The Constitution (Fifty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1987. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 21-9-1987 [GSR 810(E), dated 21-9-1987].
58.	The Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 9-12-1987 (Date of Assent).
59.	The Constitution (Fifty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1988 Date on which the  Act came
	into force: 30-3-1988 (Date of Assent).
60.	The Constitution (Sixtieth Amendment) Act, 1988. Date on which the Act came into
	force: 20-12-1988 (Date of Assent).
61.	The Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 28-3-1989 (Date of Assent).
62.	The Constitution (Sixty-second Amendment) Act, 1989. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 20-12-1989 (as  per  s.  1 (2) of the Act, i.e.  date on which the
	Bill for this Act is introduced in the Council of States).
63.	The Constitution (Sixty-third Amendment ) Act, 1989. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 6-1-1990 (Date of Assent).
64.	The Constitution (Sixty-fourth Amendment ) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act
	came into force:   16-4-1990 (Date of Assent).
65.	The Constitution (Sixty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 12-3-1992 (S.O.  204(E), dated 12-3-1992).
66.	The Constitution (Sixty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 7-6-1990 (Date of Assent).
67.	The Constitution (Sixty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 4-10-1990 (Date of Assent).
68.	The Constitution (Sixty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1991. Date on which the Act came
	into force: 12-3-1991 (Date of Assent).
69.	The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991. Date on which the  Act came
	into force: 1-2-1992 (S.O.  96(E), dated 31-1-1992).
70.	The Constitution (Seventieth Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act came into force:--
	(i) S.2........Yet to be notified.
	(ii) S.3........21-12-1991 (as per s.1 (2) of the Act).
71.	The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 31-8-1992 (Date of Assent).
72.	The Constitution (Seventy-second Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 5-12-1992 (S.O.  887(E), dated 5-12-1992).
73.	The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 24-4-1993 (S.O.  267(E), dated 24-4-1993).
74.	The Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 1-6-1993 (S.O.  346(E), dated 1-6-1993).
75.	The Constitution (Seventy-fifth Amendment) Act, 1993. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 15-5-1994 (S.O.  372(E), dated 13-5-1994).
76.	The Constitution (Seventy-sixth Amendment) Act, 1994. Date on which the Act
	came into force:   31-8-1994 (Date of Assent).
77.	The Constitution (Seventy-seventh Amendment) Act, 1995. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 17-6-1995 (Date of Assent).
78.	The Constitution (Seventy-eighth Amendment) Act, 1995. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 30-8-1995 (Date of Assent).
79.	The Constitution (Seventy-ninth Amendment) Act, 2000. Date on which the Act
	came into force: 25-1-2000 ( Date of Assent: 21-1-2000).
80.	The Constitution (Eightieth Amendment)  Act, 2000 .Date on which the Act came into force: 9-6-2000 (Date of Assent)
81.	The Constitution (Eighty-first Amendment) Act, 2000.  Date on which the Act
	came into force: 9-6-2000 (Date of Assent).
82.	The Constitution (Eighty-second Amendment) Act, 2000.Date on which the Act came into force: 8-9-2000 (Date of Assent)
83.	The Constitution (Eighty-third Amendment) Act, 2000.Date on which the Act came into force: 8-9-2000 (Date of Assent)
84.	The Constitution (Eighty-fourth  Amendment) Act, 2001.Date on which the Act came into force: 21-02-2002 (Date of Assent)
85	The Constitution (Eighty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2002. Date on which the Act came into force:  4-1-2002 (Date of Assent)
86	The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002. Date on which the Act came into force:         12-12-2002 (Date of Assent)
87	The Constitution (Eighty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:   22-06-2003 (Date of Assent)
88	The Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:     15-01-2004 (Date of Assent)
89	The Constitution (Eighty-ninth Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:         28-09-2003 (Date of Assent)
90	The Constitution (Ninetieth Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:         28-09-2003 (Date of Assent)
91	The Constitution (Ninety-First Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:         01-01-2004 (Date of Assent)
92	The Constitution (Ninety-Second Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:    07-01-2004 (Date of Assent)
93	The Constitution (Ninety-third Amendment) Act, 2005. Date on which the Act came into force:    20-01-2006 Amendment of article 15. (Article 15.            Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.) 2. Amendment of article 15.-In article 15 of the Constitution, after clause (4), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:- "(5) Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions,  whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority  educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30."
94	The Constitution (Ninety-fourth Amendment) Act, 2006. Date on which the Act came into force:    12-06-2006 In Article 164 of the constitution wor the word "Bihar" the words "Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand" shall be substituted. (Article 164 -Other provisions as to Ministers.)
95	The Constitution (Ninety-fifth Amendment) Act, 2009. Date on which the Act came into force:    25-01-2010 Amendment in article 334 - for the words" sixty years", the words "seventy years" shall be substituted (Article 334 -Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after seventy years.)
96	The Constitution (Ninety-sixth Amendment) Act, 2011. Date on which the Act came into force:    23-09-2011 (Date of Assent) In 8th schedule of the constitution, for the change of the workd "Oriya" the word "Odia" shall be substituted.

97: The Constitution (Ninety-seventh Amendment) Act, 2011. Date on which the Act came into force:    12-01-2012 (Date of Assent) SOR -  on cooperative socities
98. The Constitution (Ninety-eighth Amendment) Act, 2012. Date on which the Act came into force:    01-01-2013 - Article 371J

Official Language Act 1963

Official Language - Constitutional/Statutory Provisions

• Article 343(1) of the Constitution provides that Hindi in Devanagari script shall be the Official Language of the Union. 
• Article 343(2) also provided for continuing the use of English in official work of the Union for a period of 15 years (i.e., up to 25 January 1965) from the date of commencement of the Constitution. 
• Article 343(3) empowered the parliament to provide by law for continued use of English for official purposes even after 25 January 1965. 

The Indian constitution, in 1950, declared Hindi in Devanagari script to be the official language of the union. Unless Parliament decided otherwise, the use of English for official purposes was to cease 15 years after the constitution came into effect, i.e., on 26 January 1965. The prospect of the changeover, however, led to much alarm in the non Hindi-speaking areas of India, especially Dravidian-speaking states whose languages were not related to Hindi at all. As a result, Parliament enacted the Official Languages Act, 1963, which provided for the continued use of English for official purposes along with Hindi, even after 1965.

In late 1964, an attempt was made to expressly provide for an end to the use of English, but it was met with protests from states such as Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Karnataka, Puducherry and Andhra Pradesh. Some of these protests also turned violent. As a result, the proposal was dropped,[19] and the Act itself was amended in 1967 to provide that the use of English would not be ended until a resolution to that effect was passed by the legislature of every state that had not adopted Hindi as its official language, and by each house of the Indian Parliament.

The current position is thus that the Union government continues to use English in addition to Hindi for its official purposes as a "subsidiary official language," but is also required to prepare and execute a programme to progressively increase its use of Hindi. The exact extent to which, and the areas in which, the Union government uses Hindi and English, respectively, is determined by the provisions of the Constitution, the Official Languages Act, 1963, the Official Languages Rules, 1976, and statutory instruments made by the Department of Official Language under these laws.

1967 - The Official Languages Act 1963 was amended subsequently. After fifteen years of the Constitution coming into existence due to political social and linguistic exigencies, the switch over from English to Hindi did not take place. But, through amendment to the Official Languages Act, English was allowed / permitted to be used for all official purposes of the Union and for the transaction of business in parliament. So, Hindi in Devanagari script is the Official Language of the Union. But English language, in addition to Hindi Language, may also be used for Official purposes of the Union.


Detailed:
Official Language Act
Official Language - Official Language Act
THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ACT, 1963
(AS AMENDED, 1967)
(Act No. 19 of 1963)
An Act to provide for the languages which may be used for the official purpose of the Union, for transaction of business in Parliament, for Central and State Acts and for certain purpose in High Courts.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fourteenth Year of the Republic of India as follows:--
2. Definitions
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,--
• "Appoint day", in relation to section 3, means the 26th day of January, 1995 and in relation to any other provision of this Act, means the day on which that provision comes into force;
• "Hindi" means Hindi in Devanagari script.
3. Continuance of English language for official purposes of the Union and for use in Parliament
Notwithstanding the expiration of the period of fifteen ears from the commencement of the Constitution, the English language may, as from the appointed day, continue to be used, in addition to Hindi,--
• For all the official purpose of the Union for which it was being used immediately before that day; and
• For the transaction of business in Parliament.
4. Committee on official Language
(1) After the expiration of ten years from the date on which section 3 comes into force, there shall be constituted a Committee on Official Language, on a resolution to that effect being moved in either House of Parliament with the previous sanction of the President and passed by both Houses.
(2) The Committee shall consist of thirty members, of whom twenty shall be members of the House of the People ad ten shall be members of the council of States, to be elected respectively by the members of the House of the People and the members of the Council of States in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
(3) It shall be the duty of the Committee to review the progress made in the use of Hindi for the official purposes of the Union and submit a report to the President making recommendations thereon and the President shall cause the report to be laid before each House of Parliament, and sent to all the State Governments.
(4) The President may, after consideration of the report referred to in sub-section (3), and the views, if any, expressed by the State Governments thereon, issue directions in accordance with the whole or any part of that report.
5. Authorised Hindi translation of Central Acts, etc
(1) A translation in Hindi published under the authority of the President in the Official Gazette on and after the appointed day
• Of any Central Act or of any Ordinance promulgated by the President, or
• Of any order, rule, regulation or bye-law issued under the Constitution or under any Central Act. shall be deemed to be the authoritative text thereof in Hindi.
(2) As from the appointed day, the authoritative text in the English language of all Bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be moved in either House of Parliament shall be accompanied by a translation of the same in Hindi authorised in such manner as may by prescribed by rules made under this Act.
6. Authorised Hindi translation of State Acts in certain cases
Where the Legislature of a State has prescribed any language other than Hindi for use in Acts passed by the Legislature of the State or in Ordinances promulgated by the Governor of the State, a translation of the same in Hindi, in addition to a translation thereof I the English language as required by clause (3) of article 348 of the Constitution, may be published on or after the appointed day under the authority of the Governor of the State in Official Gazette of that State and in such a case, the translation in Hindi of any such Act or Ordinance shall be deemed to be the authoritative text therefore in the Hindi language.
7. Optional use of Hindi or other official language in judgments, etc., of High Courts
As from the appointed day or any day thereafter, the Governor of a State may, with the previous consent of the President, authorised the use of Hindi or the official language of the State, in addition to the English language, for the purpose of any judgment, decree or order passed or made by the High court for that State and where any judgment, decree or order is passed or made in any such language (other than the English language), it shall be accompanied by a translation of the same in the English language issued under the authority of the High Court.
8. Power to make rules
(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.
(2) Every rule made under this section shall be laid, as soon as my be after it is made, before each House of Parliament while it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two successive sessions, and if before the expiry of the session in which it is so laid or the session immediately following, both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule shall or both Houses agree that the rule should not b made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be, so however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule.
9. Certain provisions not to apply to Jammu and Kashmir
The provision of section 6 and section 7 shall not apply to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

14th Finance Commission

The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state. The Finance Commission Act of 1951 states the terms of qualification, appointment and disqualification, the term, eligibility and powers of the Finance Commission. As per the Constitution, the commission is appointed every five years and consists of a chairman and four other members.

14th Finance Commission under the chairmanship of former RBI Governor Y. V. Reddy. The five-member panel is to submit its report by October 31, 2014.

The Commission, the Finance Minister said, would review the state of finances, deficit and debt levels of the Centre and States, keeping in view, in particular, the fiscal consolidation roadmap recommended by the 13th Finance Commission.

Other members of the Commission are former Finance Secretary Sushma Nath, NIPFP Director M. Govinda Rao, Planning Commission Member Abhijit Sen and Former Acting Chairman of National Statistical Commission Sudipto Mundle.

The Commission would look into the “need for insulating the pricing of public utility services like drinking water, irrigation, power and public transport from policy fluctuations through statutory provisions

Apart from its recommendations on the sharing of tax proceeds between the Centre and the States which will apply for a five-year period beginning April 1, 2015, the Commission has been asked to suggest steps for pricing of public utilities such as electricity and water in an independent manner and also look into issues like disinvestment, GST compensation, sale of non-priority PSUs and subsidies.

Functions of the Finance Commission can be explicitly stated as:

1. Distribution of net proceeds of taxes between Centre and the States, to be divided as per their respective contributions to the taxes.
2. Determine factors governing Grants-in Aid to the states and the magnitude of the same.
3. To make recommendations to president as to the measures needed to augment the Consolidated Fund of a State to supplement the resources of the panchayats and municipalities in the state on the basis of the recommendations made by the Finance Commission of the state.

The Thirteenth Finance Commission ( 13^th FC) recommendations  relating to urban local bodies inter alia aim at strengthening municipal finances and urban governance in India. The 13th FC, making a departure from the previous Finance Commissions, divided the grants to be distributed to the states for local bodies into two parts - general basic grant and general performance grant. The performance grant can be accessed only if the state complies with nine conditions, which in other words can be called reforms. They are:

·         The State Government must put in place a supplement to the budget documents for local bodies.

·         The State Government must put in place Audit System.

·         The State Government must put in place  a system of independent local body Ombudsmen.

·         The State Government put in place a system to electronically transfer local body grants provided by the Commission.

·         The State Government must prescribe through an Act  the qualifications of persons eligible for appointment as a members of the SFC.

·         All local bodies should be fully enabled to Levy Property Tax with out hindrance.

·         The State Government must put in place a State Property Tax Board.

·         The State government must gradually put in place standards for delivery of essential services.

·         All municipal corporations with a population of more than one million (2001 census) must put in place a Fire -hazard Response and Mitigation plan for their respective jurisdictions.

States are given one year i.e., 2010-2011 to comply with these conditions before they can access the performance grant from 2011-2012. Complying with these conditions within the stipulated timeframe, require comprehensive understanding and capacity at the State and ULB level.

SOurce: Financa comission , wikipedia , theHindu.com , asci.org.in

Objective Resolutions 1946

On 13 December, 1946, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru moved the Objectives Resolution:

1.This Constituent Assembly declares its firm and solemn resolve to proclaim India as an Independent Soverign Republic and to draw up for her future governance a Constitution;

2.WHEREIN the territories that now comprise British India, the territories that now form the Indian States, and such other parts fo India as are outside British India and the States as well as such other territories as are willing to be constituted into the Independent Soverign India, shall be a Union of them all; and

3.WHEREIN the said territories, whether with their present boundaries or with such others as may be determined by the Constituent Assembly and thereafter according to the law of the Constitution, shall possess and retain the status of autonomous Units, together with residuary powers and exercise all powers and functions of government and administration, save and except such powers and functions as are vested in or assigned to the Union, or as are inherent or implied in the Union or resulting therefrom; and

4.WHEREIN all power and authority of the Soverign Independent India, its constituent parts and organs of government, are derived from the people; and

5.WHEREIN shall be guaranteed and secured to all the people of India justice, social economic and political : equality of status, of opportunity, and before the law; freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship, vocation, association and action, subject to law and public morality; and

6.WHEREIN adequate safeguards shall be provided for minorities, backward and tribal areas, and depressed and other backward classes; and

7.WHEREBY shall be maintained the integrity of the territory of the Republic and its soverign rights on land, sea, and air according to justice and the law of civilized nations; and

8.this ancient land attains its righful and honoured placed in the world and make its full and willing contribution to the promotion of world peace and the welfare of mankind.
This Resolution was unanimously adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 January 1947.

Late in the evening of 14 August, 1947 the Assembly met in the Constitution Hall and at the stroke of midnight, took over as the Legislative Assembly of an Independent India.

On 29 August, 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India. While deliberating upon the draft Constitution, the Assembly moved, discussed and disposed of as many as 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635 tabled.

The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November, 1949 and the hon'ble members appended their signatures to it on 24 January, 1950. In all, 284 members actually signed the Constitution. On that day when the Constitution was being signed, it was drizzling outside and it was interpreted as a sign of a good omen.


The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January, 1950. On that day, the Assembly ceased to exist, transforming itself into the Provisional Parliament of India until a new Parliament was constituted in1952

Concurrent list - Indian Constitution

Concurrent List

The Concurrent List or List-III is a list of 47 items given in Part XI of the Constitution of India, concerned with relations between the Union and States. This part is divided between legislative and administrative powers. The legislative section is divided into three lists: Union List, State List and Concurrent List. Unlike the federal governments of the United States, Switzerland or Australia, residual powers remain with the Centre, as with the Canadian federal government.

Items on the list

The 47 items currently on the list are:

1    Criminal law, including all matters included in the Indian Penal Code at the com­mencement of this Constitution but excluding offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in List I or List II and excluding the use of naval, military or air forces or any other armed forces of the Union in aid of the civil power.

2    Criminal procedure, including all matters included in the Code of Criminal Procedure at the commencement of this Constitution.

 3   Preventive detention for reasons connected with the security of a State, the main­tenance of public order, or the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the commu­nity; persons subjected to such detention.

 4   Removal from one State to another State of prisoners, accused persons and persons subjected to preventive detention for reasons specified in Entry 3 of this list.

  5  Marriage and divorce; infants and minors; adoption; wills, intestacy and succes­sion; joint family and partition; all matters in respect of which parties in judicial proceedings were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution subject to their personal law.

6   Transfer of property other than agricultural land; registration of deeds and docu­ments.

 7   Contracts including partnership, agency, contracts of carriage, and other special forms of contracts, but not including contracts relating to agricultural land.

  8  Actionable wrongs.

9    Bankruptcy and insolvency.

10    Trust and Trustees.

11    Administrators - general and official trustees.

    11-A. Administration of justice; constitution and Organisation of all courts, except the Supreme Court and the High Courts.

    12. Evidence and oaths; recognition of laws, public acts and records, and judicial proceedings.

    13. Civil procedure, including all matters included in the Code of Civil Procedure at the commencement of this Constitution, limitation and arbitration.

    14. Contempt of court, but not including contempt of the Supreme Court.

    15. Vagrancy; nomadic and migratory tribes.

    16. Lunacy and mental deficiency, including places for the reception or treatment of lunatics and mental deficients.

    17. Prevention of cruelty to animals.

    17-A. Forests.

    17-B. Protection of wild animals and birds.

    18. Adulteration of foodstuffs and other goods.

    19. Drugs and poisons, subject to the provisions of Entry 59 of List I with respect to opium.

    20. Economic and social planning.

    20-A. Population control and family planning.

    21. Commercial and industrial monopolies, combines and trusts.

    22. Trade unions; industrial and labour disputes.

    23. Social security and social insurance; employment and unemployment.

    24. Welfare of labour including conditions of work, provident funds, employers' lia­bility, workmen's compensation, invalidity and old age pensions and maternity benefits.

    25. Education, including technical education, medical education and universities, subject to the provisions of Entries 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I; vocational and technical training of labour.

    26. Legal, medical and other professions.

    27. Relief and rehabilitation of persons displaced from their original place of residence by reason of the setting up of the Dominions of India and Pakistan.

    28. Charities and charitable institutions, charitable and religious endowments and religious institutions.

    29. Prevention of the extension from one State to another of infectious or contagious diseases or pests affecting men, animals or plants.

    30. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.

    31. Ports other than those declared by or under law made by Parliament or existing law to he major ports.

    32. Shipping and navigation on inland waterways as regards mechanically propelled vessels, and the rule of the road on such waterways, and the carriage of passengers and goods on inland waterways subject to the provisions of List I with respect to national waterways.

    33. Trade and commerce in, and the production, supply and distribution of,-

            (a) the products of any industry where the control of such industry by the Union is declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest, and imported goods of the same kind as such products

            (b) foodstuffs, including edible oilseeds and oils

            (c) cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates

            (d) raw cotton, whether ginned or unginned, and cotton seed; and

            (e) raw jute.

    33-A. Weights and measures except establishment of standards.

    34. Price control.

    35. Mechanically propelled vehicles including the principles on which taxes on such vehicles are to be levied.

    36. Factories.

    37. Boilers.

    38. Electricity.

    39. Newspapers, books and printing presses.

    40. Archaeological sites and remains other than those declared by or under law made by Parliament to be of national importance.

    41. Custody, management and disposal of property (including agricultural land) declared by law to be evacuee property.

    42. Acquisition and requisitioning of property.

    43. Recovery in a State of claims in respect of taxes and other public demands, including arrears of land-revenue and sums recoverable as such arrears, arising outside that State.

    44. Stamp duties other than duties or fees collected by means of judicial stamps, but not including rates of stamp duty.

    45. Inquiries and statistics for the purposes of any of the matters specified in List II or List III.

    46. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this List.

    47. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List, but not including fees taken in any court.